by Jebus » Tue Jan 03, 2006 10:53 pm
“does not have to be any particular material, a good conductor, not necessarily magnetic, but CHEAP and easy to get, difficult to dispose of in large amounts. the stuff I use is given to me freely, truckloads at a time, and I sell it when I am done to the recyclers for approximately $10 per TON. driving to the shipyard isn't even worth it, except that I need to dispose of it.”
Catalyst:
"catalyst" is SOLID, it is a common material, and using it leaves a "by-product" that is very heavy, has a specific gravity of 1.83.
this is funny because the materials that i use for the catalyst, i have found seem to be a BIG waste issue aound here, especially in the construction industry. they can't get rid of it.
Chemicals:
NO hydrochloric acid or aluminum or oxides of aluminum, no oxides of any other metal, no ammonia, no nitrates, no chlorine, no muriatic acid, no citric acid no clay
the chemical is cheap and easy to get. about $1.00 per gallon
it's not the water I am splitting, however, it is a vital part of the process.
Research the following:
H2SO4 manufacturing
Edison Cell & why it failed
Valence charts, electrical valences, Grams per Amp Hour vs. Amp Hours Per Gram
SOME EARLY CONSTRUCTION IDEAS WITH POSSIBLE SUPPLY SOURCES:
“If you look at page 532 in General Chemistry by Linus Pauling, you'll see a graph of some common metals and elements and their electron potentials. As you noticed, F is way negative, between -2.5 & -3. Now notice that Ca is just as far positive, and Mg is close enough, about 2.25+ to 2.30+.
If I'm not mistaken, with an electrolyte that should make a cell of 5 - 6 volts.
We know when sulfuric acid attacks a metal, we get hydrogen. (Anyone with actual chemistry experience, feel free to jump right in.) So we should get Ferrous sulfate and calcium sulfate by adding sulfuric acid to either or both metals. Since both are so close to equal and opposite values from the zero line, it should only take half as much energy to regenerate one side or the other with current.
Let's build a polycarbonate box with an ionic membrane separating the box into two compartments. Lets put calcium oxide in one side and iron oxide in the other. May as well insert a couple stainless-steel electrodes/plates as contact points, one in each side.” (oxides do not agree with above statement NO oxides of any other metal yet alaskastar seemed to respond to thrivals post as if he hit the nail right on the head. Alaskastar then didnt post for a while after)
Calcium Oxide (also called quicklime)
CAS Number: 1305-78-8
eBay: 100 grams for $3.99
Gallade Chemicals: 1kg for $87.00
Iron Oxide (I believe it's Iron(II) Oxide; used in thermite; harder to find)
CAS Number: 1345-25-1
eBay: 100 grams for $3.99
Gallade Chemicals: N/A
I wouldn't spend so much on pure stuff. I bought CaOx at ACE Hardware (it's called "Yardright Multi-purpose quicklime), 25lbs. for about $12 bucks.
As we all know, iron oxide is simply rust. Has to be a cheaper source. Scrap yards? Just realized something; the ultimate goal chemical is iron sulfate. You can probably buy that directly, just like you can buy calcium sulfate (gypsum powder/plaster of paris/gypsum/Ca-H2SO4) or you can make your own iron sulfate by mixing iron filings with the acid. Since steel is mostly iron, lathe waste might work.
sulphuric acid at auto supply stores like Autozone
as far as getting your iron oxides,try harbor freight or graingers or any place that sells sandblasting materials.iron oxide and aluminium oxide is used as a abrasive for sand blasting as well as silica sand.it can be bought in 50-200lbs bags for cheep.
Yardright Hydrated lime, $12.50/25lb. bag (ACE Hardware)
Iron powder from Connelly-GPM, Inc., Chicago, IL. Sorry
all mine have been free samples, don't have a price.
10% sulfuric acid is the electrolyte
ANOTHER EARLIER POST ON POSSIBLE CONSTRUCTION
I have been studying the many postings on this subject for awhile now. Have not fabricated anything yet because I am in process of moving (job transfer) across the U.S. I plan on building a prototype soon (have started purchasing the materials) but want to re-cap everything I have learned and the important points covered in this forum before building (want to increase my chances of success by leveraging all you smart people).
Following safe practices with Acids and other chemicals...
I plan on taking 3" PCV pipe and configuring them similar to Thrival's drawings for the "Hydrogen Cell", with the exception that I plan on turning it upside down, and eliminating the Nafion membrane (see earlier drawing from Thrival). Think of a capital "H" like configuration.
Gas would be drawn out the top. Down a few inches from this there would be a connection (bridge) between the two cells. This is where the H2SO4 would allow the electric current to pass between each cell to complete the circuit. I am assuming that I don't need a membrane here because the stainless steel electrodes will be below this point, and the FeSO4, FeO and CaSO4, CaO having a heavier specific gravity won't make it "up and over" this bridge. Important point here is to have it higher than the stainless steel electrodes, and not allow bubbles to close this path off (maybe tilt at a slight angle).
I am looking to have the SS electrodes 8" - 10" in length. The bottoms of each cell would be cemented with a PVC cap. The tops of each cell would have a top that I could screw off for assembly/maintenance, etc.
I plan on using 10% - 30% H2SO4 for the electrolyte. Sulfuric Acid and PVC don't have any problems with reacting (see previous posts).
The construction would go something like so...
1.) Cut and glue the 3" PVC cells (bottom and bridge at this time only).
2.) Insert and position the stainless steel electrodes.
3.) Fill the cells with the sulfuric acid electrolyte to be above the bridge (knock out any bubbles)
3.) Fill the Ca cell with the CaO chemical (hydrated lime).
4.) Fill the Fe cell with the FeO chemical.
5.) Cap the cells and direct the hydrogen gas to a bubbler for safety.
6.) Apply voltage to the cells and start "Charge/discharge" cycle.
Future enhancements:
Increase surface area of the SS electrodes.
Introduce a resonant frequency of the SS electrodes to produce CaO and FeO quicker (shakes the chemicals off the electrodes, producing more chemical)
Remaining questions:
What would be the amound of Ca and Fe I would need for each cell?
How do I tell if the chemicals in each cell are saturated to operate at highest efficiency?
When electricity is being applied and we are re-generating the CaO + H2SO4, I am assuming that it re-forms solids and therefore falls to the bottom of the cell, therefore not mixing with the other cell because it can't pass "up and over" the bridge. Is this a correct assumption?
Please shoot holes in the above plan. I am in still in the learning phases, and may have missed some embarrassing big points (very high probability).
I plan on posting pictures to the site as soon as I start construction.
ALSO
Check the designs for the edison cell which is overcharged by .3v and supposedly generates an ok amount of hydrogen, some are in other threads, I guess thrival etc switched momentum over to this design more than the previous.